THRESHOLD VALUES
|
DVP < 2 cm |
Oligohydramnios
singelton or twin |
DVP > or
= 8 cm
|
Polyhydramnios
singleton or twin
Characterized as mild (8–11 cm),
moderate (12–15 cm), or severe (> or=16 cm) |
|
AFI > or =24 cm |
Polyhydramnios
in singelton
Characterized as mild (24.0-29.9 cm),
moderate (30.0- 34.9 cm), or severe (>= 35 cm) |
|
MCA PSV > or = 1.5 MoM |
Increased
ilkeihood of fetal anemia |
|
Cerebroplacental Doppler ratio (CPR) less than 1.08 |
Increased risk for adverse perinatal outcomes in growth-restricted fetus |
| FL to abdominal
circumference (AC) ratio <0.16 |
Increased
likelihood of lethality in skeletal dysplasia |
|
Inferior facial
angle less than 49°
|
Increased likelihood of micrognathia |
|
Jaw index less than 23 |
100% sensitivity and 98.1% specificity in diagnosing
micrognathia |
|
*Fetal HC = or > 3 SD below the mean for gestational
age |
Fetal microcephaly |
|
*Fetal HC is = or > 5 SD below the mean for gestational age |
Pathologic microcephaly is considered certain |
|
Atrial diameter of the lateral ventricle > or = 10 mm |
Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly
Characterized as
mild (10–12 mm), moderate (13–15 mm), or severe (>15 mm) |
References
1. Reddy UM, etr. al. Fetal imaging: executive summary of a joint eunice kennedy shriver national institute of child health and human development, society for maternal-fetal medicine, american institute of ultrasound in medicine, american college of obstetricians and gynecologists, american college of radiology, society for pediatric radiology, and society of radiologists in ultrasound fetal imaging workshop. J Ultrasound Med. 2014 May;33(5):745-57.
PMID:24764329
1a. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). Dashe JS,
Pressman EK, Hibbard JU. SMFM Consult Series #46: Evaluation and
management of polyhydramnios.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018
Oct;219(4):B2-B8. PMID:30048635
2. Mari G,et. al. Noninvasive diagnosis by Doppler ultrasonography of fetal anemia due to maternal red-cell alloimmunization. Collaborative Group for Doppler Assessment of the Blood Velocity in Anemic Fetuses.
N Engl J Med. 2000 Jan 6;342(1):9-14.
PMID:10620643
3. Odibo AO, et. al., Cerebroplacental Doppler ratio and adverse perinatal outcomes in intrauterine growth restriction: evaluating the impact of using gestational age-specific reference values.
J Ultrasound Med. 2005 Sep;24(9):1223-8.PMID: 16123182
PMID:16123182
4. Savarirayan R, et al., Best practice guidelines regarding prenatal evaluation and delivery of patients with skeletal dysplasia.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018
Dec;219(6):PMID:30048634
5. Rotten D, et. al. The fetal mandible: a 2D and 3D sonographic approach to the diagnosis of retrognathia and micrognathia..Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Feb;19(2):122-30.
PMID:11876802
5a. Paladini D, et. al. Objective diagnosis of micrognathia in
the fetus: the jaw index. Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Mar;93(3):382-6.
PMID:10074984
6. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Publications Committee.Ultrasound screening for fetal microcephaly following Zika virus exposure.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Jun;214(6):B2-4. PMID:26901275
7. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM);. Fox NS, Monteagudo A, Kuller JA, Craigo S, Norton ME.Mild fetal ventriculomegaly: diagnosis, evaluation, and management.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jul;219(1):B2-B9.PMID:2970519
Review and Javascript by Mark A. Curran, M.D. F.A.C.O.G
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